In
Greek mythology, the Titans (Ancient Greek: Τιτάν - Ti-tan; plural:
Τιτᾶνες - Ti-tânes) were a race of powerful deities, descendants of Gaia
and Uranus, that ruled during the legendary Golden Age. The role of the
Titans as Elder Gods was overthrown by a race of younger gods, the
Olympians, in the Titanomachy ("Battle with the Titans") which effected a
mythological paradigm shift that the Greeks may have borrowed from the
Ancient Near East.
In the first generation of twelve Titans, they are:
* Coeus - The titan of wisdom.
* Crius - The titan of strength and power.
* Cronus - The king of the Titans.
* Iapetus - The titan of mortality.
* Oceanus - The titan of the rivers.
* Hyperion - The titan of supervision and compliance.
* Mnemosyne – The titanessa of memories
* Phoebe – The titanessa of darkness .
* Rhea – The queen of Titans.
* Tethys - The titanessa of the rivers.
* Theia - The titanessa of sight and light.
* Themis - The titanessa of justice.
The
second generation of Titans consisted of Hyperion's children Eos,
Helios, and Selene; Coeus's daughters Leto and Asteria; Iapetus's sons
Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Menoetius; and Crius's sons Astraeus,
Pallas, and Perses.
In
particular in Greek mythology, Crius, Kreios or Krios (Ancient Greek:
Κρεῖος, Κριός) was one of the Titans in the list given in Hesiod's
Theogony, a son of Uranus and Gaia. The least individualized among them,
he was overthrown in the Titanomachy. M.L. West has suggested how
Hesiod filled out the complement of Titans from the core group— adding
three figures from the archaic tradition of Delphi, Koios, Phoibe, whose
name Apollo assumed with the oracle, and Themis. Among possible further
interpolations among the Titans was Kreios, whose interest for Hesiod
was as the father of Perses and grandfather of Hekate, for whom Hesiod
was, according to West, an "enthusiastic evangelist".
Joined
to fill out lists of Titans to form a total that made a match with the
Twelve Olympians, Crius/Kreios was inexorably involved in the
eleven-year-long war between the Olympian gods and Titans, the
Titanomachy, however without any specific part to play. When the war was
lost, Crius/Kreios was banished along with the others to the lower
level of Hades called Tartarus. From his chthonic position in the
Underworld, no classical association with Aries, the "Ram" of the
zodiac, is ordinarily made.
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